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Victorin-Hippolyte Jasset (30 March 1862 - 22 June 1913) was an early film pioneer in France, active between the years 1905 and 1913. He worked on many genres of film, but was particularly associated with the development of detective or crime serials, such as the Nick Carter and Zigomar series. ==Career== Victorin Jasset was born in Fumay in the Ardennes region of France in 1862, and after studying painting and sculpture with Dalou, he began a career designing theatre costumes and as a decorator of fans. He then became known as the producer and designer of spectacular ballets and pantomimes, notably ''Vercingétorix'' in 1900 at the newly built Théâtre de l'Hippodrome in Paris. In 1905 he was hired by Gaumont to work with Alice Guy on film productions (such as ''La Esméralda'' (1905), based on Victor Hugo's ''Notre Dame de Paris'', and ''La Vie du Christ'' (1906)), working firstly as a designer and then as assistant director.〔''Dictionnaire de biographie française'', tom.18, col.497-498. (Paris: Librairie Letouzay et Ané, 1994).〕 After a short period working for the Éclipse film company, Jasset was engaged in 1908 by the new Éclair production company to make film series beginning with ''Nick Carter, le roi des détectives''. The detective hero Nick Carter was based on the series of popular American novels which were then being published in France by the German publisher Eichler. Jasset kept the name of the character but invented new adventures with a Parisian setting.〔Georges Sadoul, ''Le Cinéma français (1890/1962)''. (Paris: Flammarion, 1962). p.16.〕 The first six sections that Jasset directed were released at bi-weekly intervals in late 1908, and each one narrated a complete story.〔Richard Abel, ''The Ciné Goes To Town''. (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1998). pp.38, 196.〕 Following another short period working for the small Raleigh & Robert company, Jasset returned to Éclair and travelled to North Africa to produce a series of fiction films and documentaries in Tunisia, taking advantage of its natural light and spectacular locations such as the ruins of Carthage.〔Jacques Deslandes. "Victorin-Hippolyte Jasset 1862-1913", in ''Anthologie du cinéma: supplement no.85'' (Paris: Avant-Scène Cinéma, 1975) p.261.〕 In the summer of 1910 he returned to Paris to become the "artistic director" of the Éclair studio, having oversight of all the company's production as well as his own film-making unit.〔Richard Abel, ''The Ciné Goes To Town''. (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1998). p.39.〕 In 1911 he made ''Zigomar'', taking his title character from the popular newspaper and magazine stories of Léon Sazie about a master-criminal. This feature-length film was so successful that a second title, ''Zigomar contre Nick Carter'' (1912), was made ready within six months, and a third instalment followed in 1913, ''Zigomar peau d'anguille''. Jasset adapted other popular novels such as Gaston Leroux's ''Balaoo'' in 1913, and in the same year ''Protéa'', a spy story in which for the first time the title character was a woman, played by a long-time favourite actress of Jasset, Josette Andriot. The ''Protéa'' series continued after Jasset's death.〔''Dictionnaire du cinéma populaire français''; ed. Christian-Marc Bosséno & Yannick Dehée. Paris: Nouveau Monde, 2004. p.443〕 In 1912 Jasset turned from fantasy and spectacle to realism in making the first of two Zola adaptations, as part of Éclair's new series of social dramas. For ''Au pays des ténèbres'', based on ''Germinal'', he took his crew to Charleroi in Belgium to film in authentic locations, and although he updated the story to the present, he went to great lengths to recreate in the studio the detail of the actual mining galleries, exploiting the ability of film to be a recorder of contemporary reality.〔Leo Braudy, "Zola on Film", in ''Yale French Studies'', no.42, ''Zola'' (1969), p.74.〕 In the following year, Jasset filmed Zola's La Terre (1913). Jasset had just embarked on adaptations of two novels by Jules Verne when in June 1913 he became seriously ill. He entered hospital for an operation which initially appeared to be successful, but after a short revival he died in Paris on 22 June 1913. He was buried in the vault of his wife's family in Père Lachaise cemetery. His last film ''Protéa'' was released in September, perhaps edited by someone else.〔Jacques Deslandes. "Victorin-Hippolyte Jasset 1862-1913", in ''Anthologie du cinéma: supplement no.85'' (Paris: Avant-Scène Cinéma, 1975) p.286.〕 Jasset made over 100 films, and explored many different genres apart from the crime serial. ''Le Capitaine Fracasse'' (1909) was a literary adaptation from Théophile Gautier; ''Journée de grève'' (1909) a documentary; ''Hérodiade'' (1910) a biblical-historical spectacle.〔 Only a very limited number of his films survive. He was remembered as a man of immense energy, versatility, and concern for detail, and he took particular trouble in his direction of actors.〔Jacques Deslandes. "Victorin-Hippolyte Jasset 1862-1913", in ''Anthologie du cinéma: supplement no.85'' (Paris: Avant-Scène Cinéma, 1975) p.288.〕 Alexandre Arquillière, who appeared in several of Jasset's films including the role of Zigomar, recalled "a slender grizzled silhouette, with a damaged eye... the tireless energy of this director who did not even take the time to sleep when he was making a film".〔''Mon Ciné'', 5 mai 1927, pp.5-6, quoted in Jacques Deslandes. "Victorin-Hippolyte Jasset 1862-1913", in ''Anthologie du cinéma: supplement no.85'' (Paris: Avant-Scène Cinéma, 1975) p.263-265: "Une mince silhouette grisonnante, avec un œil mutilé... l'inlassable activité de ce metteur en scène qui ne prenait même pas le temps de dormir quand il tournait un film".〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Victorin-Hippolyte Jasset」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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